Clarifying Transcultural Competence in Nursing: A Systematic Synthesis of Concept Analyses

Abstract

Introduction. In recent decades, increasing global mobility has increased cultural diversity in healthcare, making cultural competence essential in nursing practice. Transcultural nursing provides a framework for culturally responsive care; however, conceptual heterogeneity persists across definitions and theoretical perspectives. This review aims to synthesize available concept analyses to clarify theoretical foundations.

Methods. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.

Results. Antecedents were identified at system and individual levels, including organizational support, education, motivation, self-awareness, and communication skills. Core attributes define transcultural competence as a dynamic and developmental process integrating cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. The consequences include improved quality, safety, satisfaction, and equity of care at patient level, together with enhanced professional development, cultural awareness, and confidence in intercultural practice.

Discussion. Findings conceptualize transcultural competence as a multidimensional construct shaped by systemic and individual factors. Its impact on professional growth and cultural awareness highlights its relevance for nursing practice. This synthesis contributes to the conceptual clarification needed to inform competence development and nursing practice.