Self-Care in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic procedure used for patients with onco-haematological diseases and involves the replacement and reconstitution of bone marrow haematopoiesis. Owing to its complexity, HSCT may be associated with multiple complications, making patient education and the promotion of effective self-care behaviours essential components of care. This review aimed to map educational interventions for patients undergoing HSCT, identify the healthcare professionals involved in their delivery, and describe the outcomes associated with these interventions.

Methods. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Potentially relevant studies were identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, the Cochrane Library, SciELO, and Web of Science. The search strategy was structured according to the Population, Concept, and Context framework. Studies addressing educational interventions and self-care among patients undergoing HSCT were considered for inclusion.

Results. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The educational interventions addressed several self-care domains relevant to patients undergoing HSCT, particularly oral mucositis management, infection prevention, and nutrition. Nurses emerged as central professionals in delivering education and supporting patients throughout the self-care process.

Discussion. The available evidence suggests that educational interventions may contribute to greater patient satisfaction, improved quality of life, and favourable clinical outcomes, including fewer infectious events and better management of treatment-related complications. Nurses play a pivotal role in supporting patients’ self-care abilities throughout the transplantation pathway. These findings highlight the importance of structured educational interventions tailored to the specific needs of patients undergoing HSCT.