The Role of Artificial Intelligence and the Nurse Manager in Operating Room Flow Management: A Descriptive Study

Abstract

Introduction. Operating room flow management represents a major challenge for contemporary healthcare systems, with implications for operational efficiency, quality of care, patient safety, and organizational well-being. Artificial intelligence (AI) may offer opportunities to optimize surgical planning, reduce waiting times, and improve coordination within operating rooms. In parallel, the Nurse Manager (NM), with advanced competencies in Operating Room Management, may play an important role in facilitating technological and organizational innovation. This descriptive study explored Italian operating room nurses’ knowledge and perceptions regarding the use of AI and the contribution of the NM to operating room flow management, with particular attention to perceived opportunities and implementation barriers.

Methods. A structured questionnaire was administered to 94 operating room nurses working in 40 healthcare organizations across 13 Italian regions. The survey investigated professional experience, knowledge and perceptions of AI-based operating room management technologies, perceived barriers to implementation, willingness to undertake specific training, and opinions regarding the role and competencies of the NM. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods.

Results. Among respondents, 73.4% reported being unaware of AI-based software for operating room flow management, while 52.1% considered the integration of such systems important for improving operational efficiency. A total of 83% expressed willingness to participate in specific AI training. The NM was considered potentially useful for improving operating room management by 80.9% of respondents, while 84.1% indicated that this professional could facilitate the adoption of new technologies. Cultural resistance to change, limited resources, and insufficient training emerged as the main implementation barriers.

Discussion. The findings indicate substantial interest in technological innovation despite limited current familiarity with AI-based systems. Targeted education, organizational investment, and strengthened advanced nursing management competencies may support the sustainable integration of AI into Italian operating room workflows.