Conceptual Plurality in Transition Programmes for Newly Hired Nurses: An Umbrella Review

Abstract

Introduction. Despite a growing body of published reviews, nurse transition programmes — encompassing orientation and onboarding initiatives for newly hired staff — have yet to yield fully interpretable evidence, owing to persistent conceptual inconsistency and methodological heterogeneity. Consequently, this study aimed to synthesise and critically examine evidence on nurse transition programmes.

Methods. An umbrella review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, supplemented by citation tracking.

Results. Fourteen reviews (2010–2025) were included. Core programme components comprise one-on-one preceptorship, simulation-based learning, and reflective journaling, with durations ranging from days to twelve months. Professional-level outcomes — notably competence and confidence — were consistently reported, whereas organisational indicators such as retention remain equivocal, and patient-level evidence is largely absent.

Discussion. Despite the terminological fragmentation, this review provides a clear focus on programme characteristics and the evaluated outcome. Future evidence should embed these findings within an operational framework to evaluate their impact on professional and organisational context.