Characteristics of epidural anesthesia during labor – the tasks of the anesthesiology nurse

Abstract

Labor pain is not pathological. However, intense pain is a source of significant discomfort for the parturient and may interfere with the course of labor. Over the ages, women have used various methods for pain relief, including hypnosis and a range of herbal mixtures. In the early 20th century, the first attempts at conduction analgesia became possible. The use of regional anesthesia reduces pain and inhibits the sensation of heat and cold in the area. Obstetric conduction analgesia most commonly involves the use of spinal (subarachnoid) and epidural blocks. In the former case, the anesthetic is administered into the subarachnoid space, and in the latter, into the space located between the lamella of the dura mater and the spinal cord. The block is primarily administered on request of the parturient, but medical indications and contraindications must also be considered. The anesthetic is administered with the patient in the lateral position or seated and leaning forward. The anesthesiologist informs the patient about the potential complications. The nurse’s task is to explain the administration procedure and any negative sensations that may be experienced during administration. Preparing the patient, as well as preparing the space and instruments for the procedure, is another important issue. The procedure involves catheter placement, administering the infusion fluid and monitoring the patient’s vital signs. Creating an atmosphere of kindness and showing empathy towards the woman is also important. Conduction analgesia is an increasingly common method of pain management. It helps eliminate fear and anxiety, promotes parturient activity, increases neonatal oxygenation, and reduces the woman’s stress during childbirth.